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識步處

斷定風險狀況 

識別COVID-19的病徵

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新冠病徵識別:
了解新冠肺炎症狀和潛伏期

雖然新冠肺炎疫情漸趨緩和，大眾對新冠病毒亦已有一定程度認識，但隨着防疫措施放鬆，加上新冠病毒早已潛伏於社區當中，感染新冠病毒的風險依然相當高。 1

疫情以來新冠病毒早已經過數次變種，現時 確診新冠肺炎出現的病徵已與一般感冒相若2，加上流感高峰期不少市民患上流感， 令市民容易混淆。3

什麼是COVID-19新冠肺炎？

新冠肺炎（COVID-19）屬於「嚴重急性呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒」，隨後迅速蔓延成為一個影響全球的疾病。4

新冠肺炎的傳播途徑

一般而言，新冠病毒會經由飛沫或空氣傳播，尤其在通風不良的室內環境。此外，新冠病毒會停留於物件表面，接觸該表面亦可能感染病毒。4

感染新冠肺炎的病徵

常見的新冠病徵包括 5 :

失去味覺或嗅覺 感到噁心或嘔吐 喉嚨痛 發燒或發冷 肌肉或身體疼痛 鼻塞或流鼻水 咳嗽 疲勞 頭痛 呼吸短促或呼吸困難

一旦感染了新冠，您所出現的症狀嚴重程度會於不同階段或時間而有所不同。 5

什麼是新冠肺炎無症狀感染？ 6

新冠肺炎無症狀感染患者是指攜帶病毒但沒有任何症狀（例如發燒、胃腸道或呼吸道症狀）的病人，而且胸部 X 光片亦無明顯異常的人士。

新冠肺炎與流感的區別2

doctor

新冠肺炎和流感均是傳染性呼吸道疾病，但新冠肺炎比流感有更強的傳播力。這2種疾病的症狀十分類似，例如發燒、咳嗽、喉嚨痛、流鼻涕或鼻塞等，且無法僅透過症狀來區分，需要以核酸檢測確認診斷。2，7

與流感相比，新冠肺炎的潛伏期可能更長，患者通常在感染後 2-5天出現症狀，潛伏期並可長達14天。2流感及新冠肺炎均有機會引致重症或嚴重的併發症2，建議如出現類似病徵，應立即求醫，接受相應治療，以免病情越發嚴重。

有關新冠病毒的常見問題

question.png

Q1：哪些人群風險最高且容易發展為重症？8

一般而言，65歲以上、患有慢性病或免疫力受抑制人士都是感染新冠肺炎的高風險一族，感染病毒後較大機會發展成重症或引起併發症。

了解新冠重症風險

Q2：若出現疑似新冠肺炎症狀應該如何處理？

若您的新冠檢測結果呈陽性，且屬高風險人士，應盡快求醫接受適當的治療。

Q3：什麼是「長新冠」？它有哪些症狀？9

根據世界衞生組織的資訊，大約 10-20% 的人可能會繼續受到2019冠狀病毒病的中長期影響，這些影響統稱為新冠肺炎長期影響或新冠肺炎長期綜合後遺症（「長新冠」）。現時仍未清楚這些症狀會維持多久，但目前的研究顯示，患者情況會隨著時間改善。常見的長新冠症狀包括容易疲倦、氣促、認知功能障礙、頭痛、胸痛、關節痛等。

 

References: 1. Li Y, Wang S, Yang N, et al. Analysis on the factors associated with COVID-19 infection among Chinese residents after the implementation of the 10 new rules to optimize COVID-19 response: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1197889.  2. Similarities and differences between flu and COVID-19. CDC. Updated September 17, 2024. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/flu-vs-covid19.html. Accessed October 31, 2024.  3. Seasonal influenza. Centre for Health Protection. Updated November 11, 2024. Available at: https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/features/14843.html. Accessed November 14, 2024. 4. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Centre for Health Protection. Updated February 6, 2024. Available at: https://www.chp.gov.hk/tc/healthtopics/content/24/102466.html. Accessed February 24, 2024.  5. Symptoms of COVID-19. CDC. Updated June 25, 2024. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/covid/signs-symptoms/index.html. Accessed October 8, 2024.  6. Han D, Li R, Han Y, et al. COVID-19: Insight into the asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 infection and transmission. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(15):2803-2811. 7.Testing for COVID-19. CDC. Updated August 24, 2024. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/covid/testing/index.html. Accessed October 8, 2024.  8. People with Certain Medical Conditions and COVID-19 Risk Factors. CDC. Updated June 24, 2024. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/covid/risk-factors/index.html. Accessed October 8, 2024.  9. Frequently Asked Questions on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Centre for Health Protection. Updated February 6, 2024. Available at: https://www.chp.gov.hk/tc/features/102624.html. Accessed September 10, 2024.

 


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LoadingReferencesReferences: 1. Clark A, Jit M, Warren-Gash C, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(8):1003-1017. 2. COVID-19 treatment and medications. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated October 19, 2022. Accessed October 31, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html 3. People with certain medical conditions. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated October 19, 2022. Accessed October 31, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html 4. Guan W-J, Liang W-H, Shi Y, et al. Chronic respiratory diseases and the outcomes of COVID-19: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 39,420 cases. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(7):2645-2655.e14.